The therapeutic effects of BM-MSCs largely depend on the immunocompatibility between donors and recipients, and hence, the type of transplant in which the higher compatibility is generated is the better outcome. demonstrated the prosurvival effect of cytokines released from bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) on mouse retinal ganglion cells that enhanced axonal regeneration of the mouse optic nerve. One of the well-established therapeutic mechanisms of HSPCs and MSCs involves the release of bioactive molecules, which have been shown to reduce inflammation, increase cell viability, and enhance tissue regeneration in injured tissues. To improve the efficacy and reproducibility of stem cell therapy in regenerative medicine, a reliable characterization and a more thorough understanding of the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of adult stem cells from various sources are critical. The same type of adult stem cells derived from different tissues or even the same tissue from different donors exhibits distinct characteristics and biological properties, making the outcome of stem cell therapy difficult to be predicted. A major challenge when using adult stem cells for therapeutic applications includes the heterogeneous population of cells at the time of derivation and upon expansion in culture. The transplantation of these cells has been consistently shown to be safe however, their therapeutic potential for many diseases and conditions varies between studies, attributable mainly to the differences in stem cell sources, donor selection, the isolation and expansion procedure, characterization criteria, number of transplanted cells, and disease severity. With the multilineage differentiation capability and ability to secrete various potent bioactive molecules, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs also known as multipotent or mesenchymal stromal cells), in particular, have been considered a potential treatment for many debilitating diseases caused by injuries, inflammation, and age-related degeneration. At this time it isn't clear whether pluripotent or adult stem cells will be best in this type of therapy.Adult stem cells have emerged as a key player in cell-based therapy in regenerative medicine.
Uses of adult stem cells how to#
For any of these treatments to work, researchers have to first learn how to grow the stem cells in a lab so they take on the characteristics of the cells they are meant to replace. Pluripotent stem cells, like adult brain stem cells, might also replace nerves damaged in spinal cord injuries or cells lost in neurodegenerative diseases. This work is still in the early stages of being tested in animals, but could one day lead to new ways of treating diabetes in people. When they implanted these cells into diabetic mice that have lost the ability to produce insulin, the implanted cells produced insulin in a biologically normal way and treated the diabetes. Researchers found a set of growth factors that induced pluripotent stem cells to develop into insulin-producing cells normally found in the pancreas. Such strategies would regenerate or replenish tissues or specialized cells damaged by Alzheimer's, cancer and other chronic, debilitating and often fatal diseases.Īt Stanford, pluripotent stem cells have already been used experimentally to treat mice with diabetes. With this understanding, researchers aim to develop new medical strategies capable of extending the capacity for growth and healing present in embryos into later stages of life. By studying how these cells develop into mature cells, such as those that make up our bone, blood and skin, researchers can learn how those cells function and what goes wrong when they are diseased. Unlike adult stem cells, embryonic, or pluripotent, stem cells are not restricted to any particular tissue or organ and are capable of producing all cell types.
One of the institute's research goals is to explore the potential of using embryonic stem cells to better understand and treat disease.
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